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WiKirby:IPA
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- To display IPA symbols when defining pronunciation, use Template:IPA
- For regional variations, see IPA chart for English
- For help, see Help:IPA
Key
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Notes
- ↑ Although the IPA symbol /[r]/ represents a trill, //r// is widely used instead of //ɹ// in broad transcriptions of English.
- ↑ //ʍ// is found in some dialects, such as Scottish and Southern American English; elsewhere people use //w//.
- ↑ A number of English words, such as genre and garage, are cited as being pronounced with either //ʒ// or //dʒ//.
- ↑ In most dialects, //x// is replaced by //k// in loch and by //h// in Chanukah.
- ↑ Most people pronounce the English word Hawaii without the //ʔ// (glottal stop) that occurs in the Hawaiian word Hawai‘i.
- ↑ It is arguable that English does not distinguish primary from secondary stress, but it is conventional to notate them as here. Likewise, it is debatable whether a word like Glennallen is /[glɛˈnælən]/ or /[glɛnˈælən]/; for clarity, the former is used.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 American convention is to write //i// when unstressed and preceding a vowel or word boundary, as in wiki //ˈwɪki// and serious //ˈsɪriəs//; British convention used to be //ˈwɪkɪ// and //ˈsɪərɪəs//, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to //i//.
- ↑ Commonly transcribed //əʊ// or //oː//.
- ↑ In many dialects, //juː// is pronounced the same as //uː// after "tongue sounds" (//t//, //d//, //s//, //z//, //n//, //θ//, and //l//), so that dew //djuː// is pronounced the same as do //duː//.
- ↑ In many dialects, //r// occurs only before vowels. Note that due to American influence, the schwas have been left out in many Wikipedia articles. That is, //ɪər// etc. are not always distinguished from //ɪr// etc. When they are, the long vowels may be transcribed //iːr// etc. by analogy with vowels not followed by //r//.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 In some articles these are transcribed //ɝː// and //ɚ// when not followed by a vowel.
- ↑ Few British dictionaries distinguish this from //ɪ//, though the OED now uses the pseudo-IPA symbol /ɪ̵/.
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